Pdf host specificity in the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis was quantified at four sites in the algarve region of portugal from 2002 to 2007. Usda, ars, germplasm resources information network. The importance of floral signals in the establishment of. Cytinus hypocistis in kew science plants of the world online. Cytinus was long considered to belong to rafflesiaceae. Media in category cytinus this category contains only the following file. B magnification of the area marked in red in a, with the tissue of c.
By combining a longterm field study with experimental manipulation, we tested whether c. Our study focuses on cytinus hypocistis, which belongs to cytinaceae. Cause for the following gives me a small report by g. This holoroot parasite is restricted to the old world, it occurs in mediterraneai the species has been known since the timc,tle greek herbals as reported by r. The board of trustees of the royal botanic gardens, kew. Bouman and meijer 1994 highlighted morphological differences in the reproductive traits of cytinus compared with other members of this family and described a new tribe cytineae, but maintained the familial placement. It has also been found on ptilostemon chamaepeuce several species are found in the mediterranean region, south africa, with a possibly undescribed species from madagascar. Venkata rao 1952 indicates they are present in muntingia but stevens 2001 onwards. Endophytic system of mediterranean cytinus cytinaceae. Article pdf available in acta societatis botanicorum poloniae 331. All structured data from the file and property namespaces is available under the creative commons cc0 license.
Epidermal cells of the seed coat flat, thickwalled with wall pores, which are missing at both seed poles and are replaced by small cellular tissue, which comes at least at the seed base from. Other organelles often show paracrystallin bodies, interpreted as phytoferritin, in their. A later study showed that cytinaceae are related to muntingiaceae in malvales. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of extracts of the mediterranean parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis antimicrobial. Species in this genus do not produce chlorophyll, but rely fully on its host plant. This category includes the endemic and native plants of albania wikimedia commons has media related to flora of albania subcategories. Pdf the endophytic system of mediterranean cytinus. When they were separated into a new family, it was initially placed in malpighiales, but it has since been recognised as belonging to order malvales. Cytinus sanguineus in the germplasm resources information network grin, u. Carbon nutrition in a rafflesiaceae holoparasite cytinus. In the latter area, two species occur, cytinus hypocistis and c. It comprises two genera, cytinus and bdallophytum, totalling ten species. Cytinus hypocistis is a promising source of healthpromoting biomolecules. The habit of eating wild plants in europe is often associated with times of famine.
A collection of contemporary photos, dedicated to the people of tunisia i dedicate this collection of photographs to the people of tunisia, where i had the great privilege to live, work, explore and photograph between 2002 and 2006. We characterized the ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from the inflorescences of c. The genus cytinus is composed of rootless, stemless and leafless parasites whose flowers are only. Cytinus usually parasitizes cistus and halimium, two genera of plants in the family cistaceae. Icones plantarum formosanarum nec non et contributiones. It is more complex than previously reported, showing parenchyma, xylem and phloem tissues. Cytinus hypocistis, jebel sidi abderrahmane, tunisia.
Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of extracts. There are two species of cytinus in the mediterranean, c. Cytinus hypocistis is a selfcompatible monoecious species that relies on insects for seed production. Cytinus is an endophytic parasitic plant occurring in south africa, madagascar, and in the mediterranean region. Mediterranean complex, and our sampling in sw spain and morocco does not allow assessment of the taxonomy of cytinus in the. Pdf antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties of. Tannin profile, antioxidant properties, and antimicrobial. Genetic races associated with the genera and sections of. Order malvales, the only mediterranean species of a scarcely known genus of holoparasitic plants greuter et al. The parasite was found to be locally host specific, and only two hosts were consistently infected. The mediterranean parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis, however, possesses some characteristics that may facilitate endozoochory by beetles. The endophytic system of cytinus develops in all host root tissues and reaches its most mature stages in the host xylem. Approximately 1% of angiosperms are parasitic 1012, and one of the most extreme manifestations of this type of parasitism is found within the cytinaceae family, composed of the cytinus, bdallophyton, and bdallophytum genera 8. Only in the blooming period marchmay are the plants visible, with inflorescences bursting through the host.
Different stages in the development of the endophytic system of cytinus hypocistis and c. Visual and olfactory floral signals are essential for the establishment of plantpollinator mutualisms. Reinvestigation of embryo sac development, fertilization and early embryogeny in cytinus hypocistis l. Host specificity in the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis was quantified at four sites in the algarve region of portugal from 2002 to 2007. Sixteen hydrolysable tannins and one flavan3ol were the identified phenolic compounds. Cytinus is small genus of endophytic parasitic plants distributed in south africa, madagascar, and in the mediterranean region. The radioactivity measurements show that the main substances transfered from the host to the parasite are sucrose, glutamic acid, and aspartic acid. Floral volatiles play a key role in specialized ant. His central point is probably given by the following quotation. Host specificity in the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis.
School of biological sciences, university of bristol. The endophytic system of mediterranean cytinus cytinaceae. Phytochemical profile and bioactive properties of cytinus hypocistis were studied. Whole plant, petals, stalk, and nectar displayed multifunctional bioactive properties. Ultrastructural researches in the plastids of parasitic. Pdf the antpollination system of cytinus hypocistis. An example of such is the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis 79. Cytinus hypocistis is a rootless, stemless, and lea. Cytinaceae is a family of parasitic flowering plants. Ants were the main visitors, accounting for 974 % of total floral visits, and exclusion experiments showed that they act as true pollinators.
Files are available under licenses specified on their description page. This is the first report of welldeveloped phloem in a holoparasitic endophytic species. Different batteries of floral features attract different pollinators and may achieve specific relationships that are essential for the immediate plant reproductive success, and at an evolutionary time scale have been of vital importance in the radiation of angiosperms. Media in category cytinus hypocistis the following 37 files are in this category, out of 37 total. Nevertheless, the question of whether floral volatiles mediate mutualisms between ants and antpollinated plants still remains largely unexplored. The ultrastructure of plastids in scales of stems of cytinus hypocistis l. The hostparasite pair cistus monspeliensis cytinus hypocistis is fed, via the aerial organs of the host, with 14 co 2.
Understanding the evolution of holoparasitic plants. We have extracted the inflorescences the only visible part of the plant, emerging from the host roots at the time of blossom of cytinus hypocistis collected in sardinia, italy, and explored the antimicrobial, antioxidant, antityrosinase, and cytotoxic activities of. Antimicrobial, antioxidant and antityrosinase properties. Cytinus hypocistis is an antpollinated species of parasitic plant in the family cytinaceae having. It is found primarily in locations that surround the mediterranean sea, and is the type for the genus cytinus. These two genera were formerly placed in the family rafflesiaceae, order malpighiales. Many organelles can be observed, some of them show more or less flattened and variously sized vesicles in their stroma. On a new genus of cytinaceae 1 by kiyohiko watanabe received on 7 october, 1936. Pdf host specificity in the parasitic plant cytinus hypocistis. Cytinus hypocistis is an antpollinated species of parasitic plant in the family cytinaceae having four subspecies.
We characterized the ethanolic and aqueous extracts obtained from. The antpollination system of cytinus hypocistis cytinaceae, a mediterranean root holoparasite article pdf available in annals of botany 1037. One of the most extreme manifestations of parasitism is found in the genus cytinus, a holoparasite whose vegetative body is reduced to an endophytic system living within its host root. Exploring the phytochemical profile of cytinus hypocistis. Anatomical relations among endophytic holoparasitic. Angiospermensamen 1926 108, cytinus hypocistis fig. Cytinus hypocistis is a self compatible monoecious species that relies on insects for seed production.
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